Most heterotrophs are chemoorganoheterotrophs<span> (or simply </span>organotrophs<span>) who utilize organic compounds both as a carbon source and an energy source. The term "heterotroph" very often refers to chemoorganoheterotrophs. Heterotrophs function as consumers in </span>food chains: they obtain organic carbon by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs. <span>Most </span>opisthokonts<span> and </span>prokaryotes<span> are heterotrophic</span>
Answer:
When two heterozygous short haired rabbits are crossed, the short hair being dominant and the long hair recessive, the phenotypes in the offspring will be 75% short hair and 25% long hair, with a short hair:long hair ratio of 3:1.
Explanation:
The crossing of two hybrid individuals for a trait has the probability of producing <u>offspring that exhibit the dominant trait at 75% and the recessive trait at 25%, with the ratio of the dominant trait to the recessive trait being 3:1</u>.
Considering the hair length trait, in rabbits the short hair (L) is the dominant trait and the long hair (L) is recessive, two heterozygous hybrid individuals Ll are crossed:
<em><u>Genotype of the parents</u></em>:
Ll X Ll
<u>Punnett Square
</u>
Alleles L l
L LL Ll
l Ll ll
Where the offspring have a genotype:
<em>Ll 50%
</em>
<em>LL 25%
</em>
<em>ll 25%
</em>
With a ratio Ll:LL:ll of 3:1:1.
Phenotype:
<em>Short hair 75%.
</em>
<em>Long hair 25%.
</em>
Phenotypic ratio short hair: 3:1 long hair.
In the crossing of two heterozygous short-haired rabbits, taking into account the dominance of the short hair, phenotypes in the offspring will be 75% short hair and 25% long hair, with a short hair:long hair ratio of 3:1
Answer :Erwin Chargaff a Biochemist
Explanation:
He formulated the base paring of double helix of DNA. He reasoned that since the percentage of four DNA bases are of this proportions in human;
Adenine=30.9% and Thymine =29.4%;
Guanine=19.9% and Cytosine =19.8%
Then, the amount of adenine will always be equal to thymine,
And the amount of Guanine equals to cytosine based on this percentages of distribution.
(Adenine and Guanine are large, molecule of Purines, while thymine and Cytosine are Pyrimidine)
He concluded (although scientist believed, he did not explicitly stated this) that this should be the base paring patterns in DNA molecule. This is the first Chargaff Rule.
His second rule is that the DNA composition, in the relative amount of the four bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine varies in proportion from one organisms to another. And this is the basis of molecular diversity.
Leucine (Leu) and essential amino acid (Ile) are unit isomers of each other with terribly similar structures and properties. They each have Hydrophobic facet chains of an analogous size. As each residues area unit H'phobic, they're going to attempt to bury themselves within the interior of the macro-molecule to minimize disruption to the water H-bonding network, driven by the Hydrophobic interaction. thus in wild kind and mutant protein, each Leu and Ile are going to be in very similar position. Because of them being isomers, they need similar facet chain geometries thus there will not be any issue with steric constraints, in order that they can each occupy a awfully similar area within the hydrophobic core of the macro-molecule.
As within the wild sort catalyst, Leu is within the situation, it's possibly concerned within the mechanism of the catalyst. but a Leu mutation can conserve the properties of the residue that are necessary for chemical action. they're fairly nonreactive facet chains, thus are possibly concerned in binding of the substrate through the H'phobic interaction. thus the mutation might slightly decrease the affinity of the catalyst for the substrate, and reduce the speed of chemical action somewhat.
