They criticized the catholic church because you had to pay taxes and money to them. This was during the french revolution. (im not sure if it applies here)
Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd president
To keep peace among Nations
The best answer would be "democracy" - Aristotle specifically compared democracy to other forms of government and found it the least corrupt.
He disliked Monarchy and oligarchy for the monarchs tend to be tyrants. He did not mention culture so the best answer is:
b. was any government that made decisions in the interest of its people
