Question

When enzymes are elongating (building) a newly synthesized dna strand in pcr, new nucleotides are being added to the ____ of the growing strand.
a. 5 ' phosphate group
b. a nitrogenous base
c. 3 ' hydroxyl of deoxyribose
d. 2 ' h of deoxyribose?

Answer 1

c. 3 ' hydroxyl of deoxyribose

Further explanation

Phosphodiester bonding occurs when exactly two hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.

Phosphodiester bonds are the center of all life on Earth because they form the backbone of the nucleic acid strands. In DNA and RNA, phosphodiester bonds are the relationship between carbon at position 3 'from one sugar molecule and carbon atom at position 5' from another atom, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. A strong covalent bond is formed between a phosphate group and two rings carbonated carbohydrate 5 (pentose) above two ester bonds.

The phosphate group in the phosphodiester bond is negatively charged. Because phosphate groups have pKa close to 0, they are negatively charged at pH 7. This repulsive force forces the phosphate to take the opposite side of the DNA strand and be neutralized by proteins (histones), metal ions such as magnesium, and polyamines.

In order for the phosphodiester bonds to form and nucleotides to join, the tri-phosphate or di-phosphate form of the nucleotide building blocks is broken to produce the energy needed to drive the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. When one phosphate or two phosphates known as pyrophosphates are released and catalyze the reaction, phosphodiester bonds are formed.

The hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds can be catalyzed by the action of phosphodiesterase which plays an important role in repairing DNA sequences.

The phosphodiester relationship between two ribonucleotides can be broken by base hydrolysis, whereas the relationship between two deoxyribonucleotides is more stable under these conditions. The relative ease of hydrolysis of RNA is the effect of the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 2 '

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Details

Class: college

Subject: biology

Keywords : hydrocyl,Phosphodiester, relationship

Answer 2

The correct answer is c. 3 ' hydroxyl of deoxyribose.  

During the DNA synthesis via PCR, polymerization occurs in 5’-3’ direction. This means that enzyme DNA polymerase which synthesizes a new DNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand (3’-5’ direction). 5’ phosphate group of the free nucleotides which are added is attached to the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of the elongating DNA strand.