Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary--the Monroe Doctrine first set the policy that the western hemisphere was closed to colonization. The Roosevelt Corollary took it a step further by providing military behind the policy.
Following the independence movement in the US and throughout Latin America, the US wanted to protect the area from future colonization. The Monroe Doctrine made the statement and then 80 years later the Roosevelt Corollary enforced the doctrine with our navy and army force.
They surrended after 33 hours of being constantly cannoned.
The western front would be impressed by the south and join with them. They tried to impress them with their cotton and their battles.
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Christianity. It has become very common in all of Africa, including North.