Pasteur produced a nutrient broth and placed equal amounts of it in two long necked flasks. One flask had a straight neck (control) and the other had a swan shaped bent neck (being tested). He boiled the broth in both the flasks to kill any living organism that might be surviving on it. The two flasks were then left in the open air of the room to cool down. After several days passed, Pasteur noticed that the broth in the straight necked flask had changed its color but the swan necked flask didn't. From this observation he was able to conclude that the straight necked flask had let the organisms enter the flask and contaminate the broth. The swan necked flask blocked the entry of the organisms from the open air and thus remained unaffected.
Transcription<span> is the process of converting the message in </span>DNA<span> into </span>mRNA<span>, this is where </span>mutations<span> can first occur. </span>Mutations<span> at the level of </span>DNA<span>can affect the production of </span>proteins<span> in the long run.</span>
Answer:
a) Genes b and c are farthest apart.
Explanation:
Transformation occurs when a competent bacteria cell takes up genetic material from the environment. Usually a donor cell donates its gene fragment which is then incorporated into the chromosome or plasmid of recipient bacterial cell.
Cotransformation occurs when two genes are taken up together by the recipient. The closer the genes lie to each other, more are the chances of them being taken up together. Contransformation frequency will be higher if two genes are close to each other. Here, cotransformation frequencies between three genes are given. Amongst them, the lowest frequency is 0.0064% which is present between gene b and c. Hence, gene b and c are the farthest apart.
Answer:
Eukaryotic cells, like plant and animal cells, have membrane-bound organelles like the <u>nucleus and mitochondria.</u>
Explanation:
