Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo. we compare approximately 90 kb of coding DNA nucleotide sequence from 97 human genes to their sequenced chimpanzee counterparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a more limited basis, to mouse. The nonsynonymous changes (functionally important), like synonymous changes (functionally much less important), show chimpanzees and humans to be most closely related, sharing 99.4% identity at nonsynonymous sites and 98.4% at synonymous sites. On a time scale, the coding DNA divergencies separate the human-chimpanzee clade from the gorilla clade at between 6 and 7 million years ago and place the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees at between 5 and 6 million years ago. The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including human) is much slower than in the lineage to mouse. Among the genes examined, 30 show evidence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines. Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subset of positively selected genes, group humans and chimpanzees closest to each other and have chimpanzees diverge about as much from the common human-chimpanzee ancestor as humans do. This functional DNA evidence supports two previously offered taxonomic proposals: family Hominidae should include all extant apes; and genus Homo should include three extant species and two subgenera, Homo (Homo) sapiens (humankind), Homo (Pan) troglodytes (common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).
Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of anabolism.
<h3>What is anabolism?</h3>
Anabolism is a metabolic process that consists of the construction and manufacture of more complex molecules from simpler molecules. This contributes to cell growth and energy storage for tissue maintenance.
The process of anabolism can be seen in processes such as the formation of triglycerides or glycogen for energy reserves within cells or in the formation of muscle proteins, given in the sports world.
In these anabolic processes, a lot of energy is consumed since much more complex molecules are being manufactured.
It is a totally opposite and complementary process to catabolism, in which these complex molecules are broken down into much simpler molecules and the release of energy is generated.
For a correct homeostasis of the body, these two processes have to be balanced and work in a <u>complementary way.</u>
Therefore, we can confirm that forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of anabolism.
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<span>The cytoplasm of the cell.</span>
A cat thinks that you are opening a can of cat food when it hears the can opener.
A dog shying away from a magazine or newspaper, if the owner has used one to swat the dog as punishment.
If humans are ok to use as examples, A child learning that a stove is hot by touching it.
