Answer:
In operant conditioning, food is considered a primary reinforcer because it is a biological need that reinforces behavior naturally. Eating satisfies a need for hunger so food is automatically reinforcing. In other words, the need to satisfy one's hunger motivates behavior naturally. Money, on the other hand, is a secondary reinforcer because the value of money must be learned and associated with a primary reinforcer such as a need to achieve or succeed. Once the value of money is learned, it can be a very effective method of reinforcement.
Explanation:
Got a 100
<span>"compared to liberals, conservatives take a more "pessimistic" view of human nature."
Pessimism refers to a state in human being when he or she tends to see or expects worst out of every situation and scenario, According to this mindset the outcome of most situations will be joyless, unhappy and gloomy.</span>
The national defense education act, the elementary and secondary education act, and the interstate highway system are all examples of: "cooperative federalism".
<h3>What is a
cooperative federalism?</h3>
Interlocking (cooperative) federalism (sometimes known as marble-cake federalism) is a form of government in which the federal and state governments share authority and collaborate on specific concerns.
Some characteristics of cooperative federalism are-
- The federal government may collaborate with state public programs to fund colleges, compensate veterans, or create transportation infrastructure under an interconnected federal system.
- Cooperative federalism differs from dual federalism, often called as layer-cake federalism.
- The state and federal governments have each clearly defined domains of competence under dual federalism.
- Cooperative federalism would be a relatively new phenomenon. Its major characteristics—sharing of policy responsibility and financial resources, administration dependency, and function overlapping—are primarily connected with federal grant-in-aid programs.
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