Answer:
4. The A allele is dominant to the a allele.
Explanation:
In genetics, the dominant allele which is expressed when present in single or two copies is always written with an upper case letter. The corresponding allele whose expression is prevented in the presence of the dominant allele is written in the "lower case letter". This is called recessive allele. In the given genotype, one copy of "A" and one copy of "a" is present. This means that the allele written with upper case letter "A" is dominant over the allele "a". Nothing can be said about the genetic trait regulated by these two alleles of a gene.
Answer: The reason for the increased number of drug-resistant bacteria being found in hospitals is due to MISUSE and OVERUSE of antibiotics.
Explanation:
Antibiotics is a type of drug that attacks bacteria microorganisms either by killing or eliminating the bacteria (that is, bactericidal) or by preventing further growth of the bacteria (that is, bacteriostatic). Antibiotics should be taken properly while being used to treat any diseases condition to prevent drug resistance by the bacteria from occurring.
The reason for the increased number of drug-resistant bacteria being found in hospitals is due to MISUSE and OVERUSE of antibiotics. This causes the bacteria to change the way they respond to these medicines making them become antibiotic resistance. When they infect an individual, the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
When a pathogen comes in contact with your body, it has to breach the first line of defense to get inside. Your skin and mucus membranes are the main barrier here. Mucus traps the pathogens, and then is forced out of your body when you cough or blow your nose. Your skin also secretes chemicals that have antiviral properties, killing viruses on contact. If the pathogens get through that defense, the next line is non-specific immunity cells that patrol your tissues engulfing pathogens. There are other cells that do this, like macrophages, but the dendritic cells are most important for activating the third line of defense in your body.
Dendritic cells reside in your tissues, waiting for an invader to arrive. When they do find one, they engulf it and digest it. After they do this, they select pieces of the invader called antigens and put them on their surfaces. The dendritic cells migrate back to lymph nodes, key locations in your body filled with immune cells. There, they show the antigens, called antigen presentation, to two types of lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells, activating them for a full immune response.
It is called subscript indicating the number of atoms.
Explanation:
The chemical compound is formed by two or more elements.
The compound is formed by the sharing, accepting or donating the electrons.
The compound formed by two elements will have different valencies of cations and anions.
In chemical formula of compound specific number of atoms of each element are present.
eg: H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen bonded with one atom of oxygen)
NaCl (1 atom of sodium and one atom of chloriine are bonded.)
NaHCO3 ( 1 atom of sodium, 1 atom of hydrogen, 1 atom of carbon and 3 atoms of oxygen.)
Answer:
Carbohydrates are made of hydrogen and oxygen with the general formula of Cm(H2O)