The answer is B because the humoral immune response is mediated by antibody
This family of ATPases is structurally related to the pumps that acidify lysosomes and vesicles; however, they usually function in reverse, generating ATP from ADP and Pi using proton gradients across membranes is called F-type pumps.
- The inner membrane of mitochondria and bacterial plasma membranes both contain F type pumps, which are necessary for the generation of ATP.
- It is also known as the ATP synthase complex or Complex V. By letting these protons passively return to the matrix, they use the proton gradient created by the flow of electrons to produce ATP.
- The F1 motor is the ATP turnover motor and,
- In mammals, the F0 motor, which is in charge of ion translocation, has nine subunits, nine of which are likely centered on the membrane's A, B, and C subunits, along with D, E, F2, F6, G2, and 8 subunits.
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Answer:
Palatilism
Explanation:
Due to one organism benefiting (tapeworm ) while the other organism is harmed (dog)
Meiosis. The process typically starts out as mitosis but since spore are haploid, the end result is from meiosis.
How it was formed is the answer
