You would be in Pennsylvania. A lot of Amish and Quaker people settled there. "Pennsylvania Dutch" is a common expression...
A republic is a confederation of independent state governments that form a large federal government. In a republic, the people choose who will govern them. These people are known as representatives. Thus answer 2 is correct.
An answer could be, he used the spoil system to reward people who voted for him and people who helped fund his campaign with political office.
C. It restricted peasants' social mobility.