Sickle cell anemia and albinism are both recessive traits in humans. The genes for these traits are located on different chromos
omes. Imagine that a couple, already pregnant with twins, has just learned that they are both heterozygous for both of these traits. As the couple's genetic counselor, the couple asks you the following questions about how their carrier status will affect their offspring. If the couple has fraternal twins, what is the probability that both children will be unaffected by both conditions?
Lichens is regarded as a mutual relationship between a mycobiont and photobiont, the relationship is targeted at enhancing their survival in extreme environments. The mycobiont is a fungal while the photobiont is usually a green alga or a mycobacterium. Each of the organism has their specific tasks; the mycobiont provides suitable habitat for the photobiont while the photobiont provide energy for the whole system.
