The conversational maxim that the professor violates is the relation. It is because professor discusses topics that are not related to the topic that she is going to discuss, which is why she is violating the relation. She focus her attention of discussing events that is happening on her life rather than focusing on teaching the topic that she should be teaching such as the tangents.
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In a procedure called random assignment, participants are placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups.
Basically, the experimental condition is once the man of science manipulates the variable to assess its result on the variable. Below the experimental conditions, the participants receive experimental treatment whereas the participants within the control group don't receive any treatment.
Random assignment helps make sure that members of every group within the experiment area unit identical, which implies that the teams are doubtless a lot of representative of what's present within the larger population.
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The brain area pinpointed is known to be intimately involved in some of the most advanced planning and decision-making processes that we think of as being especially human.
'We tend to think that being able to plan into the future, be flexible in our approach and learn from others are things that are particularly impressive about humans. We've identified an area of the brain that appears to be uniquely human and is likely to have something to do with these cognitive powers,' says senior researcher Professor Matthew Rushworth of Oxford University's Department of Experimental Psychology.
MRI imaging of 25 adult volunteers was used to identify key components in the ventrolateral frontal cortex area of the human brain, and how these components were connected up with other brain areas. The results were then compared to equivalent MRI data from 25 macaque monkeys.
This ventrolateral frontal cortex area of the brain is involved in many of the highest aspects of cognition and language, and is only present in humans and other primates. Some parts are implicated in psychiatric conditions like ADHD, drug addiction or compulsive behaviour disorders. Language is affected when other parts are damaged after stroke or neurodegenerative disease. A better understanding of the neural connections and networks involved should help the understanding of changes in the brain that go along with these conditions.
The Oxford University researchers report their findings in the science journal Neuron.
Professor Rushworth explains: 'The brain is a mosaic of interlinked areas. We wanted to look at this very important region of the frontal part of the brain and see how many tiles there are and where they are placed.
'We also looked at the connections of each tile -- how they are wired up to the rest of the brain -- as it is these connections that determine the information that can reach that component part and the influence that part can have on other brain regions.'
From the MRI data, the researchers were able to divide the human ventrolateral frontal cortex into 12 areas that were consistent across all the individuals.
