Answer:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int m=0,n=4;
int cal(int temp[10][10],int t[10][10])
{
int i,j,m=0;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
{
if(temp[i][j]!=t[i][j])
m++;
}
return m;
}
int check(int a[10][10],int t[10][10])
{
int i,j,f=1;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
if(a[i][j]!=t[i][j])
f=0;
return f;
}
void main()
{
int p,i,j,n=4,a[10][10],t[10][10],temp[10][10],r[10][10];
int m=0,x=0,y=0,d=1000,dmin=0,l=0;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the matrix to be solved,space with zero :\n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("\nEnter the target matrix,space with zero :\n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
scanf("%d",&t[i][j]);
printf("\nEntered Matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\nTarget Matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
printf("%d\t",t[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
while(!(check(a,t)))
{
l++;
d=1000;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
{
if(a[i][j]==0)
{
x=i;
y=j;
}
}
//To move upwards
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
temp[i][j]=a[i][j];
if(x!=0)
{
p=temp[x][y];
temp[x][y]=temp[x-1][y];
temp[x-1][y]=p;
}
m=cal(temp,t);
dmin=l+m;
if(dmin < d)
{
d=dmin;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
r[i][j]=temp[i][j];
}
//To move downwards
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
temp[i][j]=a[i][j];
if(x!=n-1)
{
p=temp[x][y];
temp[x][y]=temp[x+1][y];
temp[x+1][y]=p;
}
m=cal(temp,t);
dmin=l+m;
if(dmin < d)
{
d=dmin;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
r[i][j]=temp[i][j];
}
//To move right side
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
temp[i][j]=a[i][j];
if(y!=n-1)
{
p=temp[x][y];
temp[x][y]=temp[x][y+1];
temp[x][y+1]=p;
}
m=cal(temp,t);
dmin=l+m;
if(dmin < d)
{
d=dmin;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
r[i][j]=temp[i][j];
}
//To move left
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
temp[i][j]=a[i][j];
if(y!=0)
{
p=temp[x][y];
temp[x][y]=temp[x][y-1];
temp[x][y-1]=p;
}
m=cal(temp,t);
dmin=l+m;
if(dmin < d)
{
d=dmin;
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
r[i][j]=temp[i][j];
}
printf("\nCalculated Intermediate Matrix Value :\n");
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
printf("%d\t",r[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
for(i=0;i < n;i++)
for(j=0;j < n;j++)
{
a[i][j]=r[i][j];
temp[i][j]=0;
}
printf("Minimum cost : %d\n",d);
}
getch();
}
Explanation:
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Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer:
Definition - What does Abstraction mean?
Abstraction is a fundamental principle in some types of computer science. It is a key design aspect of object-oriented programming languages and application programming interfaces. It's also one of the least understood ideas in programming, partially for semantic reasons.
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Abstraction is commonly defined as the extraction of relevant information from a larger data set, where utilizing abstraction allows engineers and others to simplify a codebase.
Techopedia explains Abstraction
The reason this is confusing to many people is that abstraction doesn't “sound like” what it is, semantically. It sounds like making something more vague, because that's how we use it in general language.
However, in computer science, abstraction typically means simplification and separating the signal from the noise in order to make programming more efficient and effective.
Explanation:
