Answer:
Believe it or not, mitochondria are their own organisms!
That’s right, they are single celled living beings that hitch a ride inside our cells for security, and in return they make our energy systems run much better than they would. This arrangement started a very long time ago, before we split from our last ancestor with plants, and long before we became multicellular. Other than this arrangement, our DNA has nothing to do with the DNA of the mitochondria (other than synergistic evolution making us more compatible with one another).
For this reason, it is easy to see how mitochondrial DNA differs from nuclear DNA.
First major difference is that we are in different kingdoms and even different super kingdoms to mitochondria (I know there are only meant to be 5 kingdoms but in biology people often use a system based off genetic differences, leading to a huge array of kingdoms that are often really distantly related). So our DNA and mitochondrial DNA share very few similarities. We both replicate our DNA using the same method and have the same base pairs, but the DNA itself says different things.
Another difference is that mitochondria generations are very fast compared to humans’, so their DNA undergoes genetic drift at a much faster rate, and changes more over time. Therefore it is much easier to locate recent changes in populations, for example the migrations out of Africa in the last 200,000 years, or the ethnic backgrounds of different African races, using mitochondrial DNA. In contrast nuclear DNA has fewer fine mutations that can be used as a map for recent events (in the last million years, say).
Mitochondria are passed down from mother to child in animals, so you will always have your mother’s mitochondrial DNA. This is why there is a mitochondrial Eve- this is the last female that is an ancestor of everyone on the planet, and therefore every human possesses direct ancestors of her mitochondria (and her nuclear DNA). In contrast we receive a 50/50 split of nuclear DNA from father and mother.
I hope this helps!
<span>a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.</span>
Explanation:
Both flukes and tapeworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts, including human hosts. Flukes live in the host's circulatory system or liver. Tapeworms live in the host's digestive system.
Answer:
The cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells.
Explanation:
Your brain contains billions of nerve cells arranged in patterns that coordinate thought, emotion, behavior, movement and sensation.
If you brain is not working you need to destress.
at the replication fork, you have 2 DNAP's. One is on the leading strand and the other is on the lagging strand. Now you into a problem of DNAP's not moving in sync with each other. The synthesis on the leading strand is much faster than the lagging strand because the lagging strand needs to make an RNA primer and then extend the primer (okazaki fragment synthesis/maturation). So DNA synthesis will not be complete on one of the strands.
There is a model that explains what happens during DNA replication. The model is called the Trombone model.
You have 2 DNAP's linked together by a tau protein (2 tau proteins) and both tau proteins are bounded to beta clamp loader. This makes the holoenzyme complex.
