Answer:
G-banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used to study the chromosomes by staining then at condensed stage. The visible karyotype can be used by this technique. The genetic diseases can be easily identified by this G banding technique.
The base composition of the genes (nucleotide) are stained by the dye known as Giemsa stain. The nitrogenous base adenine and thymine of the heterochromatic region of chromosome stained darkly in this technique. The darkly stained area is generally gene poor area.
Phenotypically and genotypically there are only two different ratios. If you think of a Punett square...
<span>You could say that a pea plant with the trait for the dominant color green (G) could also carry the recessive trait for yellow (g). So let's say you mate a dominant green, (Gg) with another dominant green, (Gg). You would get 1 (GG), 2 (Gg) and 2 (gg). </span>
<span>Phenotypically (as in physical traitwise), the ratio is 3:1 because you have 3 green colored peas and one yellow. </span>
<span>Genotypically (as in traitwise), the ratio is 1:2:1, because you have 1 (GG), 2 (Gg) and 1 (gg). </span>
<span>So although it's random, for any specific trait there are only 4 different outcomes.</span>