Answer:
The correct answer is letter "B": nonphysical constraints.
Explanation:
According to the Theory of Constraints (TOC) a constraint is a limiting factor that does not enable companies to perform their work at their maximum capacity for their goals' achievement. In the same sense, nonphysical constraints are not material factors negatively influencing employees' actions. Wages cuts, reduction of benefits, unclear lines of command are examples of that kind of constraint.
A caterer is someone who arranges the delivery, preparation and presentation of food for clients. If you've ever attended a bridal shower, fund raiser, rehearsal dinner, wedding reception or a bar mitzvah that had beautifully prepared and presented food, chances are that event was catered.
The investor will show a capital loss of $155.
We gather the following information from this question:
Pop of the fund three years ago : $12
NAV of the fund three years ago : $11.50
Current Pop : $11
Current NAV : $10.45
Number of shares : 100 shares.
We need to calculate capital loss or gain on the 100 shares in the mutual fund.
While taking the cost per unit, <u>we need to consider the public-offer-price (pop) into consideration, since an investor can only buy the shares at pop</u>.
Similarly, while selling the shares, the <u>shareholder can liquidate his position by selling back to the mutual fund at the NAV prevailing at the end of the business day</u> on which he wants to sell.
So, the formula to calculate capital gain or loss is:
If the required reserve ratio is 2.50 percent, the monetary multiplier is 40.
The money multiplier gives us the ratio of deposits to reserves (i.e. 1/R). That means, if the reserve ratio is 2.50% (i.e. 0.025), the money multiplier is 40 (i.e. 1/0.025). Thus, an initial deposit of USD 1,000 will end up creating a total of USD 40,000 in new money.
If the monetary multiplier is 5, the required reserve ratio is 20%.
Playing with the original multiplier formula, we can derive that R=1/m (m is money multiplier). If the money multiplier is 5, then the reserve ratio is 20% (i.e. 1/5 or 0.20).
