I believe the answer is B, an extended metaphor. 
It can't be A because similes are comparing two unlike things using the words "like" or "as", which will also eliminate D.
It can't be C because a personification is where an inanimate object is given human-like qualities. 
Throughout the entire passage, the author compares Ben to a bear and uses words such as "growled", "barked", "lumbered" which shows how the comparison between the two is prolonging throughout the passage. 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Jefferson had written a pamphlet called A Summary Review of the Rights of British America. It denied all parliamentary authority over America and argued that the ties to British monarchy were volunteering and not irrevocable. ( The answer is C. )
        
             
        
        
        
Pros
it keeps the editors safe 
if they make a mistake people can't come after them
people cannot communicate with them over subjects they have written about
cons
people can't give feedback to let them know if it is incorrect
editors can make things up on a page and fool many people
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: The dank tropical night that was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness in upon the yacht.
Explanation: This is a form of personification, because the sentence states that the tropical forest is pressing a thick warm blackness on the yacht. Personification is giving human like qualities to inanimate objects.