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kupik [55]
2 years ago
7

The diagram shows the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Biology
2 answers:
Pavel [41]2 years ago
8 0

The right answer is interphase.

In both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the interphase is the period of the cell cycle that is characterized by an increase in cell volume, the cell transcribes its genes and the chromosomes are duplicated. It can be subdivided into several phases:

* phase G1 (growth or gap), during which the cell grows and performs the functions for which it is programmed genetically: biosynthesis of proteins, etc. It is during this phase that the young, freshly divided daughter cells grow to their final size.


* phase S (of the English synthesis, because of the synthesis of new DNA molecules), during which the chromosomal material is doubled by DNA replication. This is called chromosome duplication.


* phase G2, where the cell prepares to divide into two daughter cells. At the end of this phase, each chromosome is perfectly identical to its homolog in terms of morphology and from the point of view of the genes present, but each gene is not necessarily identical to its homologue, since generally several alleles exist.


** There is also the G0 phase, which is one of reproductive senescence. It is a possible exit from the control point at the end of G1, an alternative to the continuation of the G1 phase and the transition to the S phase. The G0 phase can be temporary or permanent and it is often induced by unfavorable conditions.

Alona [7]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The correct answer would be interphase.

The cell cycle is mainly divided into two phases: mitosis (M) and interphase.

Interphase is the phase in which a cell spends most of its time. It is the phase of growth and DNA replication.  

It can be sub-divided into three stages:

  • Gap 1 (G₁) phase which is represented by letter A in the given diagram.
  • Synthesis (S) phase in which DNA replication takes place. It is represented by letter B in the given diagram.
  • Gap 2 (G₂) phase which is represented by letter C in the given diagram.

Letter D represents mitosis (M) phase in which the actual division of the cell takes place.

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Place the following events of muscle excitation in the correct order.
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An motion potential in the presynaptic cell activates calcium channels. Ca+ triggers the discharge of Acetylcholine through exocytosis. Ach binds its receptors in the postsynaptic membrane, opening Na+ channels. The Order is 4, 3, 5, 1, 2.

The principal frightened system generates an motion potential that travels to the goal activating the calcium channels ⇒ event (4)

Calcium triggers vesicles fusion to the presynaptic membrane. By exocytosis, vesicles release the neurotransmitter -Acetylcholine- into the synaptic space ⇒ event (3)

Once there, Ach binds to its receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the skeletal muscle fiber, causing ion channels to open ⇒ event (5)

Positively charged sodium ions move the membrane to get into the muscle fiber (sarcoplasm) and potassium leaves the cell ⇒ event (1)

The distinction in charges, resulting from these ions' transport, positively charges the fiber membrane. The postsynaptic cell depolarizes ⇒ Event (2)

The motion potential enters the t-tubules depolarizing the internal part of the muscle fiber. Contraction initiates while the motion potential depolarizes the internal part of the muscle fiber. Calcium channels spark off in the T tubules membrane, releasing calcium into the sarcolemma.

At this point, the muscle is at rest, and the tropomyosin is inhibiting the appeal strengths between myosin and actin filaments. Tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the skinny filament.

When calcium enters the sarcolemma, it binds to troponin C, and troponin T alters the tropomyosin role through shifting it and unblocking the binding sites.

Myosin heads be a part of the uncovered actin-binding points forming move-bridges, and whilst doing so, ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate, that's released.

Myofilaments slide impulsed through chemical energy accumulated in myosin heads, generating a strength stroke. The strength stroke initiates while the myosin move-bridge binds to actin. As they slide, ADP molecules are released. A new ATP hyperlinks to myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament.

Then ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is gathered in the myosin heads, which begins offevolved a new binding cycle to actin.

Finally, Z-bands are pulled towards every other, and the sarcomere and the I-band get shorter, generating muscle fiber contraction.

According to those steps, the appropriate order of activities is 4, 3, 5, 1, 2.

To learn more about Acetylcholine, click here:

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Describe the key chromosome behaviors during mitosis.
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Explanation:

During mitosis, the chromosomes are distributed equally in the resulting chromosome. The chromosome number was doubled in the S phase of the interphase and the cell is ready for mitosis. The chromosomes are more condensed and twisted in prophase. It is also double in length. During the metaphase, the chromosomes are arranged in the metaphase plate. The microtubules from the centriole attach to the centromere of each chromosome and pull them towards the pole.  

Thus each chromatid pulls apart and migrates towards the poles. The nuclear membrane and nucleus disappear during mitosis. At the end of telophase, the daughter cells contain an equal number of chromatids as in the parent cell.  

Sometimes the microtubules of centrioles do not function properly and fail to pull the chromosomes equally to the cells. Thus one of the daughter cells contains more chromosomes and another fewer chromosomes. This occurs in anaphase. This results in the non-disjunction of chromosomes.  

Sometimes centromere splits transversely instead of longitudinal division. This results in the formation of 2 daughter chromosomes of unequal length. This is called the isochromosomes.  

The number of chromosomes distributed in the daughter cells results in a normal cell or any genetic disorder. The main function of mitosis to produce daughter cells having an equal number of chromosomes present in the parent cell.

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