a) genetics and heredity: Genetics can be described as the study of genome or DNA of an organism. Heredity refers to the traits which are passed on from the parents to the offsprings. Not all of the genome of an individual is similar to the parents. Hence, genetics refers to the genome of an individual and heredity refers to the traits which pass from the parents to the child.
b) Dominant and recessive trait: A dominant trait is caused due to a dominant allele. A dominant allele is the allele which can mask the effect of the other recessive allele. Hence, a person can be homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant trait. A recessive trait arises due to the recessive allele. A recessive allele is the allele which gets masked by the dominant allele.
Pure and hybrid: A pure offsprings contains the same genetic character for a trait. It is a homozygous offspring. A hybrind offspring contains different alleles or genetic characters and is heterozygous.
So, each sperm contains 50% of the father's genes and each egg contains 50% of the mother's genes. This makes gametes different from other cells in the body
