That depends on what you consider to be resistance. Most of them stopped during the 19th century after numerous acts and policies that were widely accepted since everyone wanted to avoid bloodshed. Some would argue that it lasted until the 1920s, when the final acts of attacks were held in countries such as Utah, but this was on a really small scale.
Most colonies lacked human labor, therefore, they used slaves to work on plantations in the new found colonies.
9. C
10. C
11. A I believe
12. D
B. If a ruled doesn't have enough troops, he can hire mercenaries to fight for him.
Balance
It is the tendency of the social system, when disturbed, to return to its original state. This is because change in one element is often accompanied by changes in other related elements.
