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Gemiola [76]
3 years ago
5

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. a. How many chromosomes does a child receive from its father? b. How many autos

omes and how many sex chromosomes are present in each somatic cell? c. How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum? d. How many sex chromosomes are present in a human ovum?
Biology
1 answer:
GarryVolchara [31]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Explanation:

<u>a. How many chromosomes does a child receive from its father?</u>

Every person receives half of their chromosomes from their father and half from their mother. For that reason, if humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell, 23 of them come from the father.

<u> b. How many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes are present in each somatic cell? </u>

Each somatic cell has 46 chromosomes in total; of which 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair are sex chromosomes. Therefore, 44 chromosomes are autosomes and 2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes (the X and/or Y chromosomes).

<u>c. How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum? </u>

The human gametes (ovum in women and sperm cell in men) have half of a somatic cell's genetic material, so that when they combine in a zygote to create their child, they form an initial cell with 46 chromosomes in total. The ovum therefore has 23 chromosomes: 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

<u>d. How many sex chromosomes are present in a human ovum?</u>

As I mentioned in the previous question, a human ovum has 1 sex chromosome. That way, when it combines with a sperm cell, which also has 1 sex chromosome, they form a zygote with <u>a pair</u> of sex chromosomes (one that comes from the mother and one from the father).

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The missing options are:

A) protein subunits associated with gap junctions.

B) a type of adhesive junction connecting an epithelial cell to the basal lamina.

C) collection of fibrous intracellular attachment proteins.

D) create a permeability barrier.

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F) hollow cylinders associated with gap junctions.

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Set of answers are:

A) protein subunits associated with gap junctions. <u>Conexin</u>

B) a type of adhesive junction connecting an epithelial cell to the basal lamina.<u> Hemidesmosome</u>

C) collection of fibrous intracellular attachment proteins.<u> Plaque</u>

D) create a permeability barrier. T<u>ight junctions</u>

E) button-like points of strong adhesion between two cells. D<u>esmosome</u>

F) hollow cylinders associated with gap junctions. <u>Connexons</u>

G) type of adherens junction connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. <u>focal adhesion</u>

H) intermediate filaments associated with plaques. <u>Tonofilaments</u>

I) collection of adherens junctions particularly associated with epithelial cells.

J) type of adhesive junction containing actin microfilaments. <u>Adherens junctions</u>

K) specialized modifications of the cell membrane in which two cells come together in multicellular organisms. C<u>ell junctions</u>

L) point of cytoplasmic contact between two cells. <u>Gap junction</u>

M) anchors cytoskeleton of one cell with that of a neighboring cell. <u>Adhesive junction</u>

<u />

Explanation:

<u>Connexin:</u> is a transmembrane protein that forms the gap junctions, they are also called gap junctions proteins.

<u>Hemidesmosome junctions:</u> these types of junctions are in the epidermis, specifically between the epithelial cells and the basal lamina of the epidermis.

<u>Plaque:</u> they are part of the adherens junctions, they are fibrous proteins that are attached to certain points of the extracellular matrix.

<u>Tight junctions</u><u>:</u> are junctions between two epithelia, they are very restrictive and do not allow the passage of soluble molecules creating a permeability barrier.

<u>Desmosomes</u>: are very strong cell to cell junctions on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. They are in tissues that are under mechanical stress, such as the cardiac muscle.

<u> Connexons:</u> is a pore made of six connexin proteins in a gap junction. Connexons are the ones that connect two cells in gap junctions.

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<u>Tonofilaments:</u> tonofilaments are the ones that are associated with a plaque in adherens junctions, they are in epithelial tissues.

<u>Adherens junctions:</u> are cell to cell junctions where the cytoplasmatic face is connected to the actin cytoskeleton. They appear as spots forming the plaque or as zonula adherens, which are actin bands around the cell.

<u>Cell junctions </u>are protein complexes that connect two cells that are next to each other or a cell with the extracellular matrix. They have a lot of functions, such as pas information from cell to cell, or the exterior, form a barrier, synchronize cells, etc.

<u>Gap junctions:</u> are connections between the cytoplasm of two cells, molecules and, ions pass directly from one cell to the other.

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