When patient takes in antibiotics the resistance bacteria gets a competitive survival advantage over the normal sensitive bacteria and hence grows faster.
Explanation:
Bacteria can acquire resistance by taking in plasmids containing MDR (Multi-Drug Resistance) gene cassettes. The MDR genes produces proteins that can:
Render the antibiotic ineffective to act on its target by inducing chemical modifications on the drug.
Promote efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell so that the drug cannot act upon its target.
When a healthy person ( having no prior exposure to the antibiotic) is infected by bacteria ( both sensitive and resistant varieties):
A competition develops for the host cells and nutrients between the sensitive and the resistant variety.
This mutual competitionrestricts either of the sensitive or resistant bacterial strain to grow profusely.
When a person (having prior antibiotic exposure), gets infected bybacteria ( both sensitive and resistant varieties) and is exposed to the same antibiotic:
The sensitive variety, due to its sensitivity towards the drug, gets killed.
The resistant variety, due to its MDR genes, bypasses the lethal effect of the drug and survives.
These surviving resistant bacteria can now infect all the available host cells and utilise all the available nutrients without facing any competition and multiply rapidly.
Increasing the substrate concentration can increase the rate of the reaction to a certain point. However, once all of the enzymes bounded to the substrate, any further addition of it will not be going to affect or increase the rate of the reaction at all, as all the enzymes will be saturated and working in their maximum rates.
Codons that code for the same amino acid are termed synonyms, Silent mutations are base substitutions that result in no change of the amino acid or amino acid functionality when the altered messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated.
Foresters are responsible for determining areas that can be harvested sustainably and helps monitor areas to be harvested. Foresters determine which areas have trees that can be removed without causing harm to the environment and ensures that areas are not overharvested.
