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At the start of the twentieth century there were approximately 250,000 Native Americans in the USA – just 0.3 per cent of the population – most living on reservations where they exercised a limited degree of self-government.
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Las revoluciones liberales inspirarion los procesos independentistas de las colonias americanas.
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La revolución francesa es la precursora de las revoluciones liberales de principios del siglo XIX, recordamos que la revolución francesa se consuma para muchos historiadores en el año 1799, con ella los movimientos libertarios de Europa se hace cada vez más grandes, Alemania, Italia y Francia se sublevan contra las monarquías dando paso a repúblicas y democracias lo cuál debilitó fuertemente al poder de la corona, y el poder que podían ejercer en las colonias americanas, con España batallando para controlar sus colonias, Francia dejando Canada prácticamente libre e Inglaterra batallando para controlar las 13 colonias los ideales de libertad, igualdad y fraternidad permearon en las colonias e iniciaron, aunado a la falta de poder económico de las monarquías dieron paso a los movimientos independentista.
for the most part, historians view Andrew Johnson as the worst possible person to have served as President at the end of the American Civil War. Because of his gross incompetence in federal office and his incredible miscalculation of the extent of public support for his policies, Johnson is judged as a great failure in making a satisfying and just peace. He is viewed to have been a rigid, dictatorial racist who was unable to compromise or to accept a political reality at odds with his own ideas. Instead of forging a compromise between Radical Republicans and moderates, his actions united the opposition against him. His bullheaded opposition to the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the Fourteenth Amendment eliminated all hope of using presidential authority to affect further compromises favorable to his position. In the end, Johnson did more to extend the period of national strife than he did to heal the wounds of war.
Most importantly, Johnson's strong commitment to obstructing political and civil rights for blacks is principally responsible for the failure of Reconstruction to solve the race problem in the South and perhaps in America as well. Johnson's decision to support the return of the prewar social and economic system—except for slavery—cut short any hope of a redistribution of land to the freed people or a more far-reaching reform program in the South.
Historians naturally wonder what might have happened had Lincoln, a genius at political compromise and perhaps the most effective leader to ever serve as President, lived. Would African Americans have obtained more effective guarantees of their civil rights? Would Lincoln have better completed what one historian calls the "unfinished revolution" in racial justice and equality begun by the Civil War? Almost all historians believe that the outcome would have been far different under Lincoln's leadership.
Among historians, supporters of Johnson are few in recent years. However, from the 1870s to around the time of World War II, Johnson enjoyed high regard as a strong-willed President who took the courageous high ground in challenging Congress's unconstitutional usurpation of presidential authority. In this view, much out of vogue today, Johnson is seen to have been motivated by a strict constructionist interpretation of the Constitution and by a firm belief in the separation of powers. This perspective reflected a generation of historians who were critical of Republican policy and skeptical of the viability of racial equality as a national policy. Even here, however, apologists for Johnson acknowledge his inability to effectively deal with congressional challenges due to his personal limitations as a leader.
Media is a very powerful tool that can be used for either good or bad. The ones who know how to effectively use media are very powerful. Stalin knew this and effectively used it during his reign. The media did celebrate the accomplishments of Stalin and the Communist Party while at the same time attacked anyone who dared say anything. Likewise the material that showed the government in the negative light was not allowed. Thus he strengthened his rule through the clever use of media and censorship.
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