Question

Il Duce was the title of which of the following leaders? A. Benito Mussolini B. Jozef Pilsudski C. Adolf Hitler D. Juan Péron

Answer 1

Answer: Benito Musolini

Il Duce (of the Latin word dux: general, leader, guide) was the way in which Benito Mussolini was called and with which he became known during his rule over Italy, from 1922 until his overthrow and execution in 1945.

It should be noted that Mussolini was the creator of fascism, a political and social system with violent, authoritarian, nationalist, militarist, anti-Marxist, anti-communist and anti-capitalist characteristics. In fact, a system proposed as an escape way  or third way in a Europe polarized between the communism and liberalism.

This movement was identified as totalitarian and dictatorial, with the the media and the education system control and manipulation and racism. That is why it is said that Hittler, with whom Benito was allied and had a well-known friendship, leading Italy to World War II; was fascist as well, and for his Nazi ideology he was inspired by Mussolini.

 Another important point of Mussolini's fascism is the cult of the ruler's personality through an aggressive state propaganda campaign. As an example of this is the well-known political slogan used in Italy under his dictatorship: "Mussolini is always right".

In short, Mussolini established a sick ideology based on an all-powerful State that supplies (guides, leads=duce) everything to its people, and therefore, this people must not look for anything outside the State, thus creating an extreme dependence on the government.