1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Mandarinka [93]
3 years ago
10

A mutation in the Ras protein renders Ras constitutively active (RasD). What is constitutive activation? How does constitutively

active Ras promote cancer? What type of mutation might render the following proteins constitutively active (a) Smad3, (b) MAP kinase, and (c) NF-kB?
Biology
1 answer:
frosja888 [35]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.

Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.

(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.

(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.

(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.

You might be interested in
What is shown in the imagine <br> prokaryote<br> eukaryote<br> chloroplast<br> mitochondrion
m_a_m_a [10]

"Prokaryote" is shown in the given image.

Answer: Option A

<u>Explanation:</u>

A prokaryote is a single-cell organism which is deficient in a membranous nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membranous organs. Prokaryotes are categorized into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. At the third domain: Eukaryota, species with nuclei and organelles are located.

The asexual prokaryotes reproduce without fusion of gametes. They are considered as first living organisms. In the prokaryotes components like proteins, DNA and metabolites, overall the intra-cellular water-soluble components are enclosed by the cell membrane as situated together in the cytoplasm, rather than in separate cellular compartments.

6 0
3 years ago
The researchers introduced a small RNA complementary to a portion of the mRNA encoding protein A into the Brec-MUT cells growing
Sonbull [250]

Answer:

Delivered small RNAs can inhibit protein A production through the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, and thus impairs angiogenesis  

Explanation:

The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is a protease enzyme involved in the formation of new blood vessels by increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) bioavailability. Moreover, small RNAs (<200 nucleotides in length, generally 18 to 30 nucleotides) are non-coding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Small RNAs are widely used in molecular biology laboratories because they can be delivered into specific cells in order to silence target mRNAs such as, in this case, the mRNA encoding protein A, by complementary base pairing and thereby inducing translational repression. In consequence, mRNAs complementary to delivered small RNAs are silenced through RNAi pathways, i.e., by cleavage of the target mRNA and/or mRNA destabilization.

3 0
2 years ago
WILL MAKE BRAINLIEST
Dmitry [639]

Answer:

it is evolution

hope it helps

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which human lifestyle factors led to overfishing and caused cod to nearly go
Katena32 [7]

Answer:

the answer is in between a and c because it is maybe because of liking the fish or work

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which muscle functions in extensions of the digits of the hand?
densk [106]
Hello!

Extensor Digitorum:

The extensor digitorum is the main extensor of the fingers. Attachments: Originates from the humerus, splitting into four tendons at the wrist which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the digits. Actions: Extends fingers.


Hope it helps!

Bye and don’t forget I’m proud of you!<3
5 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • Why is oxygen produced in photosynthesis and what is it used for?
    8·1 answer
  • How do the structures of alveoli and capillaries support the function of gas exchange?
    9·1 answer
  • Vitamins taken in mega doses can be harmful because they_________.
    14·2 answers
  • In both mitosis and meiosis a specific process occurs the same number of times. What is this process?
    13·1 answer
  • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ in which ways
    10·1 answer
  • Why wouldn’t the water cycle constantly adds pollution to the air be important in the water cycle
    15·1 answer
  • What is Thalassemia???​
    12·2 answers
  • In a food chain, consumers gather energy by _______. a. consuming organisms at a lower trophic level b. consuming organisms at a
    10·2 answers
  • The highlighted region is the highest visual acuity because it contains the highest concentration of ________.
    14·1 answer
  • With the endosymbiotic hypothesis in mind, what structure within modern-day chloroplasts is likely derived from the plasma membr
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!