Answer:
Small
Explanation:
Fixed costs are the costs that do not change when output level changes, while variable costs are costs that change as output quantity changes.
When a production process is capacity constrained, it implies that there is a factor that does not allow it to produce more output. Examples of such factors are minor bottlenecks, constrained designs and resources, and others.
A process is said to be efficient when it can avoid waste of resources in producing desired output.
Efficiency improvement therefore occurs when more output can be produced with less resources.
In the question, given that the process is currently capacity-constrained, efficiency improvement will result in producing more output at higher costs because of high variable costs despite that the process has low fixed costs.
As a result, the impact of an efficiency improvement will be small because producing more output will result in incurring higher cost due to high variable costs that change as quantity of output changes. That is, the impact of efficiency improvement will be small because high variable costs with low fixed cost will result in higher production cost.
Switching costs, number of buyers, and if the items represent a relatively small portion of the cost of finished products are key considerations regarding the bargaining power of buyers.
Switching costs are the costs which are paid by a consumer as a result of switching brands, suppliers, or products. Some companies may employ high switching costs in order to prevent customers from moving to another brand.
Suppose if the customer purchases large volumes of standardized products from the seller, then the buyer's bargaining power is quite high. Also, when substitute of a product is available in the market, the buyer power increases.
Hence, most prevailing switching costs are monetary in nature.
To learn more about switching costs here:
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Answer:
c. 11.05%
Explanation:
The computation of firm's required return is shown below:-
First we need to find out the Market Risk Premium for computing the firm's required return.
Using CAPM, we calculate Market Risk Premium
Expected Future Market Rate of Return = Risk Free Rate on T-Bond + Beta of the Market × Market Risk Premium
10% = 6.5% + 1 × Market Risk Premium
Market Risk Premium = (10% - 6.5%) ÷ 1
= 3.5%
Required Rate of Return = Risk Free Rate + Beta of the Stock × Market Risk Premium
= 6.5% + (1 + 3.00%) × 3.5%
= 6.5% + 1.30 × 3.5%
= 11.05%
