Federalism often refers to the beliefs of the Federalist party. This political party believed that the United States needed a strong federal (aka central) government in order for society to run well. This was based of several different factors including the lack of success of the Articles of Confederation (which had created a weak central government) and Shay's Rebellion.
On the other hand, people against the idea of federalism were worried that the federal government would gain too much power. Instead, they preferred for state governments to have a majority of the power. They used the American Revolution as their reasoning as to why a strong central government would not work well in America.
Christopher colombus was the first set foot here
The Golden Age, a period in a society's history marked by great achievements
People come together and agree to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.
According to this part, the three jobs of the three branches are to create new laws and manage old ones for the legislative branch, to oversee cases and decide whether laws are unconstitutional for the judiciary branch, and the executive branch that provides the commander in chief and the President of the United States of America. These are enumerated in the constitution and control each other.