The scientist will add up the mass of the protons and mass
of the neutrons to come up with the approximate mass of atom because protons
and neutrons is what consist of the atoms. Therefore, in order to have the approximate
mass of an atom, adding the mass of protons and neutrons will give the result.
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The four major organic compunds are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Lipids are used to store energy, insulate insulate, and they help build cell membranes. Examples of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes.
Carbohydrates are used to give us quick energy and they help build cell walls. Examples of carbohydrates include bread, pasta, cereal, and rice.
The role of proteins is to build our bodies, help our immune system, and help cells communicate. Such examples include meat, beans, eggs, fish, nuts, soy, and dairy.
Finally, Nucleic acids are used to store gentetic info. Anything plant or animal based is considered a nucleic acid.
The term ‘Crossing over’ was used by Morgan and Cattell. It is a process in which there is exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids of a homologous chromosomes. It occurs during pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis cell division.
Significance of crossing over:
- Crossing over provides genetic variation in all sexually reproducing organisms.
- It creates new combination of genes or genetic recombination and produces hybrids.
