Answer:
The Enlightenment brought political modernization to the west, in terms of focusing on democratic values and institutions and the creation of modern, liberal democracies. Enlightenment thinkers sought to curtail the political power of organized religion, and thereby prevent another age of intolerant religious war.
Explanation:
Encomiendas are a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.
SLAVERY<span> was a central institution in American society during the late-18th century, and was accepted as normal and applauded as a positive thing by many white Americans. However, this broad acceptance of slavery (which was never agreed to by black Americans) began to be challenged in the Revolutionary Era. The challenge came from several sources, partly from Revolutionary ideals, partly from a new evangelical religious commitment that stressed the equality of all Christians, and partly from a decline in the profitability of </span>TOBACCO<span> in the most significant slave region of Virginia and adjoining states.</span>
Samuel Johnson: Lexicographer
Adam Smith: Philosopher
Samuel Pepys: Diarist
Oliver Cromwell: Political leader
Details:
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) published <em>A Dictionary of the English Language </em>in 1755, after many years of work on the project. It was the most commonly used English dictionary until the <em>Oxford English Dictionary </em>was first published in 1928.
Adam Smith (1723-1790) is best known for his economic theories, published in <em>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations </em>(1776). However, he also is well respected in the philosophical field of ethics, with his notable work in that area being <em>The Theory of Moral Sentiments </em>(1759).
Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) was an administrator for the English navy and a member of Parliament. He is most famous, though, for a lengthy diary he kept for ten years of his life which provided thought and comments on events occurring at his time in history.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was the leader of Parliament's movement against King Charles I, and the military leader against the king's forces in the English Civil War. He went on to run the Commonwealth of England after the king was deposed and executed. He later took up the title of Lord Protector of England.
