The proteins exhibit four levels of organization:
1. Primary structure: It refers to a sequence of amino acids join together by the peptide bonds to produce a polypeptide chain.
2. Secondary structure: It is a localized twisting of the polypeptide chain by producing a hydrogen bond. Two types are formed, that is, the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet.
3. Tertiary structure: It refers to the three-dimensional composition of a polypeptide chain. The folding is not regular as it is in secondary composition. It produces ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bond, and hydrogen bond amongst the polypeptide chains.
4. Quaternary structure: It comprises an amalgamation of two or more polypeptide chains that functions as a single functional unit. The bonds are identical as in tertiary composition.
Thus, the levels of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure would get affected if all the hydrogen bonding associations were inhibited.
Answer: When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock's mineral composition, color, and texture.
Explanation:
Answer:
Every winter, Arctic sea ice grows around the pole, its frozen tendrils threading along northern coasts. Right now sea ice has just passed its peak coverage for the year, and will begin to shrink with the coming of spring. It’s a crucial time for polar bears, whose food supply is inextricably linked to sea ice.
And in recent decades, sea ice has been shrinking faster than ever. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, 2019 has the seventh-lowest sea ice cover in the Arctic since they began collecting satellite data 40 years ago.
This year “doesn't break any records, but it's the trend that matters,” says University of Alberta polar bear scientist Andrew Derocher. “The downward trend in Arctic sea ice across all months is the concern,” he says, and “now we wait to see what spring conditions bring.” (Read more about global warming’s link to polar bears.)
A cold spring allows ice to linger, giving polar bears easier access to one of their favorite foods: seals. A warm spring cuts short the availability of their food super-highway....
Answer:
D. Geologic process that we observed today occurred the same way in the past.
Explanation:
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