Union draft of 1863 was legislation passed by the United States Congress to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Low-paid workers in New York responded to the Union draft of 1863 by staging a riot in New York City
In New York City, enforcement of the union draft leads to the New York City draft riots on July 13–16.
Both policies of substitution and commutation help in softening the effect of the draft on pacifists, the anti-draft movement, and the propertied classes.
These crises included a stock market crash in 1929, a series of regional banking panics in 1930 and 1931, and a series of national and international financial crises from 1931 through 1933.
