A Non-mutagenic factor listed in the options is : ( B ) Drinking water
<h3>Mutagenic factor </h3>
Mutagenic factors are chemical elements or various forms of radiations such as X-rays, UV rays, Sun rays, which may cause a permanent and heritable changes ( mutations ) in the DNA, when exposed to these mutagenic factors.
Hence we can conclude that a Non-mutagenic factor is Drinking water
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Answer:
1- Test tube with DNA sample is placed in machine
2- DNA sample is heated
3- DNA denatures
4- Taq polymerase initiates DNA synthesis
5- Double-stranded DNA is produced
Explanation:
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique widely used in molecular biology laboratories in order to produce many copies of a specific DNA sample. Thermocyclers are machines designed for a cyclic temperature change of the PCR. First, an initial denaturation step where DNA sample is heated to separate the double-stranded DNA into two single strands. Subsequently, 20-40 PCR cycles are repeated to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence. There are three steps in each PCR cycle: 1-Denaturation to 94–98 °C (DNA strands are separated), 2-Annealing to 50–67 °C (primers bind to each DNA strand on the opposite ends of the DNA strands to be copied) and 3-Extension to 75–80 °C (Taq polymerase initiates the synthesis of complementary DNA strands).
It’s characteristic is the need for energy
Yes. <em>Staphylococcus</em><em> aureus</em> differs from Staphylococcus <em>pyogenes</em> because it grows in clusters, whereas Chain-like growth.
Although all infections have the potential to be dangerous, Staphylococcus is associated in the microbiological literature. <em>Staphylococcus</em><em> aureus </em>tends to cause more widespread illness, such as the development of abscesses and purulent discharge. Between erysipelas to necrotizing fasciitis, <em>Staphylococcus </em><em>pyogenes</em> has been associated to a wide range of illnesses.
In order to distinguish between staphylococci that are catalase positive and catalase negative, the catalase test is crucial. Agar slants or broth cultures are flooded with several drops of 3% hydrogen peroxide to conduct the test. Cultures that have catalase immediately bubble. Gram-positive cocci include streptococci and staphylococci. Streptococci develop in chains, whereas Staphylococci form clumps. Because Staphylococci may make catalase, they can be distinguished using the catalase test.
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I) Locus- the chromosomal site where a specific gene is located. A locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker. Each chromosome carries ,many genes; human's estimated haploid (n) protein coding genes are about 20,000, on the 23 different chromosomes.
ii) Interference; the observed double crossover frequency differs from the expected double crossover frequency. Cross over interference is used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers with respect to each other during meiosis. It results in widely spaced crossovers along chromosomes. Interference may exert its effect across whole chromosomes. As chromosomes in many eukaryotes are large, interference must be able to act over megabase lengths of DNA.
iii) Linkage- the tendency for genes located in close proximity on the same chromosome to be inherited together. Normally when two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
iv) Recombination- the process by which a new pattern of alleles on a chromosome is generated. Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations f traits that differ from those found in either parent. During meiosis in eukaryotes, genetic recombination involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes. This may be followed by information transfer between the chromosomes.
