Because gas particles are very far from each other so the amount of space between them can easily change therefore doesn’t have a fixed shape and since the particles are always in motion and try to fill there container gas doesn’t have a fixed volume either
Answer:
Decreased transcription of structural genes of try operon irrespective of presence or absence of tryptophan. The leader sequence has a tryptophan codon in its sequence 1 that does not allow the formation of attenuator structure when tryptophan levels are low.
Explanation:
The leader peptide has a tryptophan codon in sequence 1. When tryptophan levels are low, translation of sequence 1 pauses at the tryptophan codon and the sequences 2 and 3 pair with each other. This does not allow pairing of sequences 3 and 4 and the formation of the attenuator is inhibited. Therefore, tryptophan operon is expressed when tryptophan levels are low.
When the leader peptide sequence is replaced with the one from phenylalanine operon, expression of tryptophan operon will be reduced. The replaced sequence lacks a tryptophan codon and therefore, the translation would not pause when the tryptophan levels are low. This would allow the ribosome to quickly translate the sequence 2. Sequences 3 and 4 will pair to form attenuator and the gene expression will be reduced irrespective of low levels of tryptophan.
12 is the total number of NADH FADH2 molecules that will be produced.
In each citric acid cycle, one molecule of FADH2 is formed during the conversion of succinic acid to fumaric.
The CAC is called a cycle because the starting molecule, oxaloacetate is regenerated at the end of the cycle.
It is also known as Krebs cycle. This is actually a part of a huge process called cellular respiration. The citric acid cycle captures the energy stored in the chemical bonds of acetyl CoA (processed glucose) in a step-by-step process, trapping it in the form of high-energy intermediate molecules.
NADH:- It is an energy shuttle that delivers high energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they eventually get to power the production of 2 to 3 ATP molecules.
FADH:- This is another energy shuttle that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they will ultimately drive production of 1 to 2 ATP molecules.
To learn more about cellular respiration here
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I'm pretty sure your talking about Vertebrates
Answer:
d. Estrogen will bind to a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes.
Explanation:
Estrogens are small lipophilic molecules synthesized from cholesterol. This steroid hormone (estrogen) is able to directly enter into the cell nucleus to bind with their corresponding receptors. Subsequently, estrogen-receptor binding stimulates these receptors to form dimeric structures that bind to DNA and thus activate gene expression. Estrogen receptors interact with DNA and activate gene expression through zinc finger domains composed of four (4) cysteine residues surrounding a zinc atom.