<span>i think it is a.Molecules move against their concentration gradient. hope it helps
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Answer:
its either a or b i don't know exactly cuz I didn't learn this but I tried looking it up and it didn't work
Answer:
Are you asking what factors effect mutation rate?
If you are could you be a little more specific because technically even you just damaging tissue increases the likelihood of a mutation occurring due to mitosis occurring to repair the destroyed cells. So every time you have to replicate DNA you’re at risk an increased risk for mutation assuming it was the result of something like a cut.
sorry I have to go
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
- The urea acid cycle transforms the nitrogen waste released during this process into urea, which is then excreted in the urine.
- Amino acids can be converted into energy during famine and go via the Krebs cycle.
- Muscle protein is broken down into amino acids while fasting, some of which are partially oxidized to provide energy.
- These amino acids are split up into alanine and glutamine, which are released into the circulation together with other amino acids.
- Several tissues, notably the stomach and kidney, oxidize glutamine, converting some of its carbons and nitrogen to alanine.
- The liver is where alanine and other amino acids are processed into glucose and ketone bodies and nitrogen.
learn more about urea here: brainly.com/question/14718113
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