Answer:
a. Cooperative
b. Antagonistic
c. Cooperative
d. Antagonistic
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a control system that is responsible for controlling the body's unconscious functions (e.g., digestion, respiratory rate, heart rate, pupillary response, sexual arousal, etc). The ANS is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system comprises nerves from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord (responsible for fight or flight); whereas the parasympathetic nervous system is composed primarily of the cranial and sacral spinal nerves (responsible for controlling many of the body's functions when it is at rest). Moreover, antagonistic innervation occurs when an organ is controlled by two different types of nerves, i.e., dual innervation of the organ by both divisions of the ANS, where the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are antagonistic (i.e., they oppose each other). On the other hand, there are situations where the dual innervation results in a unilateral cooperative response (for example, the urinary system is innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers that exhibit cooperative effects).
The United States must aggressively use moral pressures and propaganda to oppose Russian expansion.
Explanation:
it was the passage taken from the article of liberation policy which was advocated by John Foster Dulles. He states that Russian expansion and communism is a global threat and this spread of communism must be protected and there must be liberation of the people from clutches of communism.
Liberation of the people from the clutches of communism not by violence but by rendering moral pressures which can be thoroughly achieved by psychological force and a strong propaganda against the communism spread. He also states that a purely defensive policy would only end up in war and sacrificing lives. It can never win against the aggressive policy of Soviet communism itself.
