Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
B and D. The xylem and the phloem make up the vascular tissue of plants and transport water, sugar, and other important substances around a plant.
The cells that die are emptied, leaving hollow cell walls with their ends open, thus forming pipe-like structures
Hope this helps
I think it is called mechanical digestion. Or alas, chemical digestion. One of those. Or both!
Hope helps-aparri
(thank yous are welcome)
Glial cells. More specifically, it could be oligondenrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, schwann cells, microglia, or satellite cells, because they are all types of Glial cells.
