It would be an Ethos appeal.
Answer:
"Suddenly the evidence overwhelmed me: there was no longer any reason to live, any reason to fight" and "Father! Father! Wake up. They're going to throw you outside."
Answer: The answers are
•The sea repeatedly batters Crusoe, but he does not give up hope for survival.
•Because of rough and powerful waves, Crusoe struggles to get to shore
Explanation: it states in the passage that he kept getting pushed back by the waves, and that he keeps going until he made it to shore
<span>c. Hoarding has been seen as a serious problem in America and researchers have studied it in detail.</span>