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fredd [130]
3 years ago
14

In chapter 3, we discussed syntax and semantics, in general there are two types of grammars for programming languages, regular a

nd context-free, what is the difference, what is the scope (where are they applied), and how can the use of these grammars produce a higher level of program reliability. Does this higher level of reliability encourage complexity?
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
WARRIOR [948]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Lexical rules that are defined in case of regular grammar are simple and the notation is quite easy to understand.

Regular expression are useful for defining constructs of identifiers or constants. e.g. a|b etc.

In the case of context-free, grammar is not simple and deals with the productions.

Context-free are useful in describing the nested constructs like if-else etc which are not defined by regular expressions.

These produce a higher level of reliability as it provides a medium for generating syntactical as well as semantic data. The grammar is context-free is a little complex.

Explanation:

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Answer:

1. SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.FirstName, e.LastName, COUNT(*) as OrderByEmployee FROM Employees e

JOIN Orders o

ON e.EmployeeID = o.EmployeeID

WHERE YEAR(o.OrderDate) = '1996'

GROUP BY e.EmployeeID,e.FirstName,e.LastName

ORDER BY OrderByEmployee DESC

2. SELECT o.OrderID,c.CustomerID, o.OrderDate,SUM((od.Quantity)*

od.UnitPrice - od.Discount)) as TotalCost FROM Orders o

JOIN [Order Details] od

ON od.OrderID = o.OrderID

JOIN Customers c

ON o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID

WHERE (MONTH(OrderDate)= 7 OR MONTH(OrderDate) = 8) and

YEAR(OrderDate) = 1996

GROUP BY o.OrderID,c.CustomerID, o.OrderDate

ORDER BY TotalCost DESC

3. SELECT c.CustomerID, c.CompanyName, c.City, COUNT(o.OrderID) as TotalOrder, SUM(od.Quantity* od.UnitPrice) as TotalOrderAmount FROM Customers c

JOIN Orders o

ON o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID

JOIN [Order Details] od

ON od.OrderID = o.OrderID

WHERE c.Country = 'USA'

GROUP BY c.CustomerID, c.CompanyName, c.City

ORDER BY c.City, c.CustomerID

4. SELECT c.CustomerID, c.CompanyName, c.City, COUNT(o.OrderID) as TotalOrder, SUM(od.Quantity* od.UnitPrice) as TotalOrderAmount FROM Customers c

JOIN Orders o

ON o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID

JOIN [Order Details] od

ON od.OrderID = o.OrderID

WHERE c.Country = 'USA'

GROUP BY c.CustomerID, c.CompanyName, c.City

HAVING COUNT(o.OrderID) > 3

ORDER BY c.City, c.CustomerID

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JOIN Categories c

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JOIN Suppliers s

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JOIN [Order Details] od

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JOIN Orders o

ON o.OrderID = od.OrderID

where c.CategoryName = 'Grains/Cereals'

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ORDER BY SupplierName, p.ProductName

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FROM Products p

JOIN [Order Details] od

ON od.ProductID = p.ProductID

JOIN Orders o

ON o.OrderID = od.OrderID

JOIN Customers c

ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID

where YEAR(o.OrderDate) = 1996

GROUP BY p.ProductID, p.ProductName

Explanation:

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