What are incomplete flowers missing?
1 answer:
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Answer:
Explanation:
From the question: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disease.
Now for an X-linked recessive disorder to be affected by a male individual; it only requires the presence of only one copy of the recessive allele of the disease to be present BUT in a female individual. both copies of the recessive allele must be present.
Let the X-linked recessive disease(i.e Duchenne muscular dystrophy) be = (ⁿ)
However, we are told that the couples are normal and are unaffected. Therefore;
the male partner (XY) will be:
the female partner (XY) will be:
Similarly, the question proceeds by telling us that: the woman's brother has the disease.
Definitely, it's possible that this unaffected woman is a carrier of the disease.
So, if she is a carrier; we have her traits to be:
NOW, if a cross exist between these couples; we have
×
So, we have offspring as follows:
= normal unaffected female
= normal unaffected male
= female carrier for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease
= affected male with the Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease
So, the probability of the child to be affected with the disease =
Also, the probability that the first child will be a male or a female =
∴
the probability that the couple’s first child will be affected =
=
Diagram found elsewhere attached
Answer:
Clockwise from bottom
3. formation of mRNA in the nucleus
6. secretion of hormone by tissue
4. initiation of DNA replication because of a signal given by the hormone
2. synthesis of protein molecule by mRNA and tRNA
1. secretion of protein by the cell
5. binding of the hormone molecule with its receptor of the cell
Explanation:
The tissue in the top left releases a hormone. For example, a steroid hormone such as estrogen, which can impact gene expression at the level of transcription. This hormone then travels to a different cell to carry out its function. The hormone is able to enter the cell and binds receptors which recognise it. In this case, these receptors are present in the nuclear envelope. When the hormone has bound the receptor, it initiates a signalling cascade that the cell responds to.
In this case, the effect of the signal from the hormone is to initiate DNA replication. This is a common effect of hormones such as growth factors that signal the cells to proliferate.
The initiation of the signalling can also affect how genes are expressed. In this case, an mRNA is produced in the nucleus, which is created as a result of transcription. This mRNA molecule then moves to the cytoplasm, where it becomes translated into a polypeptide sequence at a ribosome, with the help from transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
This polypeptide forms a mature protein by progressive folding and potential modifications, and is released by the cell to perform its functions.
