The correct answer is option A, that is, a solution with a pH of 1.
pH refers to the unit of measure utilized to articulate the extent of acidity of a substance. The pH scale varies from 0 to 14. A pH of 0 means a very high acid activity, the hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are very strong with pH values of 0, while the stomach acid exhibits a pH of 1.
Technically, the scale of pH, in reality, depicts the amount of positively charged H+ ions and negatively charged OH- ions in a solution. The pH scale is a logarithmic one, that is, each unit of pH exhibits 10 times as more ions of hydrogens in comparison to the unit above it.
Therefore, in a solution of pH 1, there are 10^9 times more hydrogen ions in comparison to the solution at pH 10.
The hormone vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to retain water.
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and acts on the nephron tubules which increase the reabsorption of water, thus decreasing water content in urine while increasing that of blood.
The increase in water concentration in the blood elevates blood pressure as well as blood volume which makes the urine concentrated.
It regulates the tonicity of body fluids and therefore, in response to hypertonicity stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus restoring the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal.
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