Question

Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories. What are the categories?

Answer 1

Answer:

The categories of patterns of evolution are: genetics/molecular biology, direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology/anatomy, and biogeography

Explanation:

1. Anatomy. Also known as Homology, is the study of homologous structures of species with similar physical features, as proof of direct descent and ancestry.
2. Molecular biology and Genetics. DNA and the genetic code reflects the shared ancestry of life, indicative of how species are related.
3. Fossil Records. Fossils register the existence of pre-existing species which are related to present-day species.
4. Biogeography. The geographic distribution of organisms on Earth, as well as their distinct features is an indicator of evolution and geological change.
5. Direct observation. Organisms with short lifespan can be observed as evolutionary cases.

Answer 2

Answer:

→ Direct observation from evolutionary change among organisms of related species.

These are evolutionary change around us .This is illustrated with development of resistance  by  some  insects   to usual insecticide.  This was evident with the ability of species of mosquitoes to resist DDT after period of continuous spray. Mutations must have caused variations in the development of resistant  genes in this  mosquitoes , which must have made them to resist the selection pressure and therefore increase in population and evolved.

→Evidences from fossil records.

Evidences from fossil records had been used to trace the descendants of human from different anatomical parts. The shape of head of fossilised homo.ablis skull has provided evidence  for the genesis of  evolution of mankind  and the likely date of human existence, down to homo erectus, to Neanderthalensis, and to Homo. Sapiens

→Evidences based on homology-Similarities in the anatomical parts.

The possession of similar physical structures by different species of organism,e,g body plans,bone structures, based on evolutionary history is called homology. whales, dogs, man, all have the same forelimbs bone frames, used for different functions.Therefore if these organisms could possessed this similar  features, they must have inherited them  from the same ancestors. Hence they must shared the same evolutionary roots.  

→Evidences from biogeography

this is based on the fact that species of plants or animals located in a particular geographical area must share certain evolutionary accessory for them to exit together in the region on earth.

Explanation: