Option 3
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Answer: ionotropic; metabotropic
Explanation:
A receptor can directly open the channel and exerts an ionotropic effect. The ionotropic effect takes place by the help of ionotropic receptors. These receptors are membrane bound receptor proteins which responds by the bonding of the ligand.
Due to ligand binding the channel opens and allows the movement of ions into the cells which helps in either increasing or decreasing the action potential.
The receptors can also bind to the ligand and produce metabotropic effect which means by the second messenger.
D
Explanation:
With the help T cells , B cells make special proteins called antibodies which stick to antigens on surface of germs stopping them in their track.
Answer:
Cytokinesis takes place in both meiosis and mitosis and performs the separation of he cell in half and form one nucleus into each daughter cell.
If cytokinesis did not happen, it will from multinucleated cells which means that their will be multiple nuclei in single cell and cell will not get separate in half, and no new daughter cells will form.
Answer: The structure and curvature of the Earth results in beams of sunlight glancing off the equator and reaching other areas of the Earth. This means that the areas at the equator receive more energy as the sun's rays hit them directly. :)
