Answer:
DNA packaging contributes to the compaction of the genetic material into cells that are many times smaller and also regulates gene expression and cell replication in living systems.
Explanation:
DNA is a fundamental molecule that contains instructions that make each organism unique. Each chromosome is composed of a very long linear DNA molecule associated with histone proteins that compact the genetic material, which is known as DNA packaging. Transcription and replication require that both strands of the DNA separate. Nonetheless, during DNA packaging, nucleosomes and the folding into chromatin fibers ensure chromosomal DNA is correctly packaged inside smaller nuclei. In consequence, DNA packaging not only enables the compaction of long linear DNA into the cells but also is involved in key biological processes such as gene regulation (transcription) and cell replication.
The palisade cells are the main site of photosynthesis, as they have many more chloroplasts than spongy mesophyll, and also have several adaptations to maximizes photosynthesis efficiency. Large Vacuole restricts chloroplasts to a later near outside of the cell where they can be reached by light more easily.
Beacause prokariyotics are unicellular organisms.
Yes accumulation of mutation can drive aging process.
Explanation:
The molecular damage that occurs in cells and tissues for a long time due to DNA damage and epigenetic changes gets accumulated in the cell.
This leads to lowering of the homeostasis in the cell during stress conditions and eventually risks of life-threatening diseases as cancers or neurodegenerative disorders develop.
Due to mutation in the gene DNA repair mechanism also gets affected this also contributes to the ageing of cells.
The telomere of the chromosome is shortened after every mitotic division but telomerase enzyme keeps adding the DNA sequence preventing shortening aging and death of the cell. If the mutation occurs in this enzyme it will increase the ageing of cells at high rate.
Answer:
External respiration is the exchange of gases with the external environment, and occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
