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A mutation occurs when there are changes in the gene structure of organisms. It may either increase or decrease the fitness of organisms. However, for mutations to be evident in an organism, it must be inherited by the offspring.
On the other hand, genetic recombination occurs during the sexual reproduction of two parents. During this process, different gene combinations or genotypes are produced. This event is similar to shuffling a deck of cards.
Lateral gene transfer occurs when the genetic material is transferred between organisms. This is not the same as transferring the genes from parent to offspring. This process usually occurs in single-celled organisms such as bacteria and plasmids.
Ions are atoms which have a missing electron or an extra one. This is what gives the ion its positive or negative electrical charge. Isotopes are atoms which contain a different number of neutrons.
They can be used to repair damaged cells, as well as treat diseases.
Only eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles (such as a nucleus). Prokaryotic cells do not. Therefore, the answer is A.
