The answer is McCarthyism.
During this period, the U.S. was determine to prevent the spread of
communism in its territories.
Surveillance and warrantless arrest of suspects were rampant. Many lost their careers after being branded a
communist while others were put in jail.
Many criticized this actions as unconstitutional.
Your answer that fills in the blank is: Social Security.
"People without ability or experience became officials" is some way political machines hurt cities.
<u>Explanation:</u>
A political machine is a collective where an influential leader or small group commands the resources of a supporter and business community that earns incentives for their actions. This success is based on the manager or group's ability to get out the vote on election day for their representatives.
In the late 19th century, many machines emerged throughout towns to serve U.S. immigrants who regarded machines as a means for political conquest. Often, political patronage may involve exchanging money for political assistance.
forms an executive branch that evaluates all decisions of the government