Answer:
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from the DNA. It is further divided into three steps:
Initiation: In this step at first, there is binding of RNA polymerase to the group of transcription factors, it binds at the promoter. It is followed by unwinding of DNA double helix, and then the synthesis of RNA starts.
Elongation: The RNA polymerase extends across the DNA template, it adds the base pairs in 5' to 3' direction. In the same step proofreading of RNA is done to eliminate the errors in synthesis.
Termination: In this step RNA polymerase detaches, at certain stop signals, adding of further base pairs is also terminated by RNA polymerase. The newly synthesized transcript of RNA is released.
Answer:
when there's an increase in temperature they respond accordingly
Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power stations
Generating electricity using nuclear reactors carries high risk but offers large rewards. In operation, a very small amount of nuclear fuel will consistently generate a very large amount of electricity and generate very little polluting material. However, the financial costs of building and decommissioning a nuclear power station are very large, and the waste produced will remain radioactive - hazardous to humans and the environment - for thousands of years.
Produces no polluting gases. Waste is radioactive and safe disposal is very difficult and expensive.
Does not contribute to global warming.Local thermal pollution from wastewater affects marine life.
Very low fuel costs. Large-scale accidents can be catastrophic.
Low fuel quantity reduces mining and transportation effects on environment. Public perception of nuclear power is negative.
High technology research required benefits other industries.Costs of building and safely decommissioning are very high.
Power station has very long lifetime.Cannot react quickly to changes in electricity demand.
Answer:
Explanation:
Chemical reactions can either go in both directions (forward and reverse) or only in one direction. The ones that go in two directions are known as reversible reactions, and you can identify them by the arrows going in two directions, like the example below.
H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Dynamic equilibrium only occurs in reversible reactions, and it’s when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. These equations are dynamic because the forward and reverse reactions are still occurring, but the two rates are equal and unchanging, so they’re also at equilibrium.
Dynamic equilibrium is an example of a system in a steady state. This means the variables in the equation are unchanging over time (since the rates of reaction are equal). If you look at a reaction in dynamic equilibrium, it’ll look like nothing is happening since the concentrations of each substance stay constant. However, reactions are actually continuously occurring.
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