Answer:
Cell–cell interaction
Explanation:
Based on the scenario being described it can be said that the developmental process that has most likely been affected are known as Cell–cell interaction. These are the direct interactions that exist between cell surfaces that allow them to communicate with one another. Doing so by receiving signals and initiating transduction pathways. Therefore since these are functions that have been disrupted it's safe to say that the Cell-cell interaction has been affected.
Answer:
All the above participate in the ammonia excretion
Explanation:
The amino groups present in the amino acids are required to form the urea. The ammonia disposal takes place un the liver by the urea formation and is excreted in the kidneys by urine. When free ammonia is produced in peripheral tissues, it is transported to the liver by glucose -alanine cycle, alanine in transported in the blood to the liver, where is converted into pyruvate.
Another pathway is by glutamine synthase/glutaminase system. The storage and transport of ammonia to the liver is glutamine from glutamate by glutamine synthetase: NH3 + glutamate → glutamine once in the liver glutamine is transformed into glutamate again by glutaminase enzyme: glutamine → NH3 + glutamate.
In the liver takes place the urea cycle, the amino acids transported into the liver can be converted to aspartate. This aspartate enters the urea cycle forming an intermediate of the cycle, and the final product is urea that is excreted by urine.
Answer:
The correct answer would be option D, Can help make sense of difficult problems.
Explanation:
In simple words, simulation is the Model. Simulation is the imitation of some procedure or method or process or situation. We can say it deception as well. Simulation is used as a method of analysis. When there are complex situations or processes that need to be tested before launching into the general public or to be used in the scientific researches or anything, Simulation is used. Simulation imitates the situation, checks for any errors, experiments the inputs and see the outputs of the process, method, system, etc, which they have developed. So A scientist uses simulation because it can help make sense of difficult problems.
Replacing lysine with aspartic acid is really a change in the primary structure (the sequence of the amino acids - think in a chain). But because they are really different amino acids, the effect is much more profound and will affect the tertiary structure of the protein.
Lysine has a basic, positively charged side chain. Aspartic acid has a negatively charged carboxyl group for its side chain. So, they are two very different amino acids.
Since the tertiary structure of a protein is a result of the interactions of the various interactions of the amino acid side chains, you have to think about what a swap of a basic positive amino acid with a negatively charged amino acid could cause.
For example, if the lysine side chain interacted in ionic interactions (i.e. attraction to a negatively charged amino acid), if you swap it for aspartic acid which is negatively charged it will now repel the other amino acid's side chain and that would disrupt the tertiary structure of the protein. It would also likely cause disruption to the quaternary structure as well.
If this change was in an important part of the protein (e.g. the active site of an enzyme) then it would likely disrupt the proper functioning of this protein.
If you wanted to make the least amount of change to a protein by making a mutation to that lysine amino acid, you would choose other basic amino acids which are histidine and arginine.
