Answer
The correct option is B.
Explanation
Ecological succession of any species is composed of following stages:
A. Migration
The movement of species from one place to another location for the purpose of setting permanently o temporary is known as migration
. Forexample
Siberian crane (<em>Leucogeranus leucogeranus</em>) that live in the arctic tundra of eastern and western Russia. The eastern population of birds migrate to china while western population of these birds migrate to Iran, India and Nepal during winter season.
B. Ecesis
The complete establishment of species in new habitat that was completely barren or left barren due to some catastrophe is known as Ecesion. This process is dependent upon the climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. The success of plant depend upon some of the adaptations to withstand the unfavorable conditions which includes both biotic and abiotic conditions.
Forexample
The process of succession in xerosphere start on barren area from pioneer stage covered by crustose lichen, then foliose lichen followed by moss stage, herbaceous stage and a last by shrub stage.
C. Nudation
The initiation of new species by major environmental disturbance such as volcano eruption is known as Nudation.
D. Reaction
It represents the effect of established species on the habitat. Forexample plants alter habitat condition as they grow. They extract raw materials from the environment in large amounts and return metabolic wastes. The waste accumulates in large amounts and differ from the original raw materials, thus altering the environment.
E. Competition
The phenomenon which involves struggle for existence between two or more individuals growing in same area, that make excessive demand that are similar in nature on the soil is known as competition.
Such struggle may be in between same species or different species. The competition may be interspecific or intraspecific. Because of completion the weak individuals are eliminated as strong ones are retained.
the answer is d. break down matter from dead plants and animals
Well, I know 4 is A and 5 is D.
Answer:
<h2>Biological servises </h2><h2>Hope it helps ;)</h2>
Answer:
Two terms might apply for this situation: "<u>jump dispersion</u>" and "human-assisted invasions".
Explanation:
- Dispersion: It refers to the <em>change in an organism's range or distribution area</em>. Different ecological and biogeographical processes might be involved in organisms' dispersion. The term "<u>jump dispersion</u>" refers to a <em>few individuals in a short time that can cross a barrier and occupy a new area</em>. In this situation, the establishment is not always for sure. For this to happen, they must reproduce and start a new population of a certain size that can survive to the new conditions.
- Biologic Invasions: It refers to <em>new species that establish in a new area far or out of their original distribution range</em>. Once established, these species might be <em>considered exotic or invasive, according to their reproductive rate, population growth, and interaction with native species</em>. Biologic invasions are <u><em>natural processes</em></u>, that occur in small groups of individuals that can expand to other ecosystems, and the appearing or despairing of barriers promotes their expansion. <em>But these biologic invasions have accelerated by human beings</em>, referring to this as "<u>human-assisted invasions</u>". These are the cases in which <em>men transport species from one place to the other for different uses or purposes.</em>
It is <em>very common</em> for these species to <em>scape and start new populations</em> in the <em>new area</em>, where they <em>have </em><em>less environmental pressure</em> -fewer predators, more resources, better nitches- than in their origin area, which <em>favors their establishment</em>.
The exposed situation in the example is a case of "human-assisted invasions". It might also be considered as jump dispersion (because a few individuals of the species crossed a barrier and established in a new area) but assisted by humans.
