Answer:
The Pacific Railroad Act stipulated that the Central Pacific Railroad Company would start building in Sacramento and continue east across the Sierra Nevada, while a second company, the Union Pacific Railroad, would build westward from the Missouri River, near the Iowa-Nebraska border
Explanation:
It was the internal reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader that led to the end of the Cold War
I believe the answer is inflation.
Inflation- rising prices due to an increase in the supply of money