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ELIZA is an early natural language processing computer program created from 1964 to 1966 at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory by Joseph Weizenbaum.
The area became<span> a </span>part of Mexico<span> in 1821 following its successful war for independence, but was ceded to the </span>United States<span> in 1848 after the </span>Mexican–American<span> War. The western </span>portion<span> of Alta </span>California<span> then was organized and admitted as the 31st </span>state<span> on September 9, 1850.</span>
In current political-science and international-relations theory, a rentier state is a state which derives all or a substantial portion of its national revenues from the rent paid by foreign individuals, concerns or governments.Rentier state theories have now become a dominant frame of reference for studies of resource-dependent countries in the Gulf and wider Middle East and North African region,but are also used to analyse other forms of rentierismConsequently, in these resource-rich rentier states there is a challenge to developing civil society and democratization. Hence, theorists such as Beblawi conclude that the nature of rentier states provides a particular explanation for the presence of authoritarian regimes in such resource rich states
