I think it is maybe priests
Well, before the renaissance people of all ranks were able to just read the bible. Serious studies were saved for men only and thought to be unnecessary to women and harmful to a women's weaker mind
Possibly the last one or the third one.
Because after the second world war, there was a surge of immigration that flowed to the United Staes. There was also a substantial amount of people who were intelectuals that were flocking to this country. All of this led, of course, to dramatic changes following World War 2.
Five Motives for Imperialism. Various motives prompt empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories. These include economic, exploratory, ethnocentric, political, and religious motives. ... Imperial powers often competed with each over for the best potential resources, markets, and trade.